Gallium doped Zinc Oxide

Gallium doped Zinc Oxide

Gallium doped Zinc Oxide

Gallium doped Zinc Oxide (atomic symbol: Ga, atomic number: 31) is a Block P, Group 13, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 69.723.The number of electrons in each of Gallium’s shells is 2, 8, 18, 3 and its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹. The gallium atom has a radius of 122.1 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 187 pm. 

Gallium was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1871. It was first discovered and isolated by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. In its elemental form, gallium has a silvery appearance. 

Gallium doped Zinc Oxide is one of three elements that occur naturally as a liquid at room temperature, the other two being mercury and cesium. Gallium doped Zinc Oxide does not exist as a free element in nature and is sourced commercially from bauxite and sphalerite. Currently, gallium is used in semiconductor devices for microelectronics and optics.

The element name originates from the Latin word ‘Gallia’, the old name of France, and the word ‘Gallus,’ meaning rooster.

Zinc:

Zinc (atomic symbol: Zn, atomic number: 30) is a Block D, Group 12, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 65.38.

The number of electrons in each of zinc’s shells is 2, 8, 18, 2, and its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s². The zinc atom has a radius of 134 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 210 pm. Zinc was discovered by Indian metallurgists prior to 1000 BC and first recognized as a unique element by Rasaratna Samuccaya in 800. Zinc was first isolated by Andreas Marggraf in 1746. In its elemental form, zinc has a silver-gray appearance.

It is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at 100 °C to 150 °C. It is a fair conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red producing white clouds of the oxide. Zinc is mined from sulfidic ore deposits.

It is the 24th most abundant element in the earth’s crust and the fourth most common metal in use (after iron, aluminum, and copper). The name zinc originates from the German word “zin,” meaning tin.

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