Praseodymium Barium Copper Oxide

Praseodymium Barium Copper Oxide

Praseodymium Barium Copper Oxide Description

Barium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 137.27. The number of electrons in each of barium’s shells is [2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2] and its electron configuration is [Xe] 6s2. Barium is a member of the alkaline-earth metals. The barium atom has a radius of 222 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 268 pm.

Barium was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1772 and first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1808. In its elemental form, barium is a soft, silvery-gray metal. Industrial applications for barium include acting as a “getterer,” or unwanted gas remover, for vacuum tubes, and as an additive to steel and cast iron.

Barium is also alloyed with silicon and aluminum as load-bearing alloys. The main commercial source of barium is the mineral barite (BaSO4) it does not occur naturally as a free element . The name barium is derived from the Greek word “barys,” meaning heavy.

Copper:

Copper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 63.546. The number of electrons in each of copper’s shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1.

The copper atom has a radius of 128 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 186 pm. Copper was first discovered by Early Man prior to 9000 BC. In its elemental form, copper has a red-orange metallic luster appearance. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity.

The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word ‘cuprium’ which translates as “metal of Cyprus.” Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper.

Praseodymium:

Praseodymium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 140.90765. The number of electrons in each of praseodymium’s shells is 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f3 6s2.

The praseodymium atom has a radius of 182 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 239 pm. Praseodymium resembles the typical trivalent rare earths, however, it will exhibit a +4 state when stabilized in a zirconia host. Unlike other rare-earth metals, which show antiferromagnetic and / or ferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures, praseodymium is paramagnetic at any temperature above 1 K.

Praseodymium is found in the minerals monazite and bastnasite. Praseodymium was discovered by Carl Auer von Welsbach in 1885.

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